Linux File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS) Overview

/ (Root)

The base and starting point of the entire file system hierarchy.

System Core
/bin

Essential command binaries available to all users (e.g., `ls`, `cp`).

/sbin

System administration binaries, typically run by the root user (e.g., `shutdown`).

/etc

System-wide configuration files (e.g., `passwd`, network settings).

/lib

Shared libraries needed by the essential programs in /bin and /sbin.

Data & Resources
/home

User home directories for personal files and configurations.

/usr

Unix System Resources: contains most user-related programs and libraries (e.g., /usr/bin).

/var

Variable data that changes frequently, such as system and application log files.

/opt

Optional add-on application software from third-party vendors.

Dynamic & Special
/proc

Virtual file system providing process and kernel information.

/sys

Exposes kernel objects and configuration for devices.

/tmp

Temporary files (often cleared on reboot).

/mnt / /media

Mount points for external filesystems (disks, USB drives).